(2009). Turning the Focus from \Other\ to Science Education: Exploring the Invisibility of Whiteness. Cultural Studies of Science Education, v4 n3 p649-656 Sep. This paper provides another way to gaze upon Brad's story as presented by van Eijck and Roth (2010). It raises questions about infrastructural racism in contemporary science education by exploring its association with Whiteness and White privilege. To explore the racial positioning inherent in Western science education specific attention is given to the positions of power that accompany Western ways of knowing the world (i.e., science education) in comparison to Other ways of knowing the world (i.e., First Nations Ways of Knowing). The paper suggests the power relationships inherent within this dualism are asymmetrical due to the implications of Whiteness within colonial societies. Even though power relations were not discussed in Brad's story, the paper suggests the implications were visible. The paper concludes by advocating for a re-imagining in science education where the traditional ontological and epistemological foundations are deconstructed and spaces are created for enacting… [Direct]
(1995). Book Reviews: \Inequality and Teacher Education: An International Perspective,\ edited by Gajendra K. Verma, and \Changing Patterns of Power: Social Regulation and Teacher Education Reform,\ edited by Thomas S. Popkewitz. Comparative Education Review, v39 n4 p524-28 Nov. Reviews two collections of works on teacher education in various countries. The first, which examines inequality and racism in teacher education and attempts at multicultural reform, displays varied methods and quality and provides no comparative framework. The second presents eight case studies addressing common issues in teacher education reform and criticizes assumptions about such comparative studies. (SV)…
(2022). Exploring the Racial Gap in Study Abroad Participation at U.S. Colleges and Universities through a Mixed-Methods Analysis of Student Intention. ProQuest LLC, Ph.D. Dissertation, Michigan State University. The study abroad experience is an important fixture of American higher education, with politicians, institutions, and mainstream media calling for increased participation. Participation in study abroad can potentially benefit students' personal, academic, and career development. However, historical educational data have shown that some groups, such as Students of Color, have been underrepresented in study abroad participation at American colleges and universities. To better understand the racial gap in study abroad participation, this study combined the Theory of Planned Behavior and critical race theory to explore the intersections of race and racism with factors (i.e., attitude, subject norm, perceived behavioral control) that predict students' intention to study abroad, and the role of social and non-social environmental influences on these factors (e.g., advertisements, advisers). The results indicated that for Students of Color and White students, racial identity and expected… [Direct]
(2020). Ignoring Race: A Comparative Analysis of Education Policy in British Columbia and Ontario. Race, Ethnicity and Education, v23 n2 p159-179. Racial equity in Canadian education remains elusive. Despite Canada's status as a multicultural nation, many minority students continue to be marginalised. In this article, we compare equity-related education policy in two Canadian provinces — Ontario and British Columbia — to ascertain how race and racialized students are understood in official documents. After reviewing provincial policy contexts from the early 1990s onward, we discuss the results of a content analysis of provincial education policy documents using Critical Policy Analysis and Critical Race Theory. We argue that the treatment of race and equity in these documents demonstrates 'symbolic anti-racism,' rather than substantive anti-racism, in three key ways: 1) the lack of robust education policy related to racial equity; 2) the construction of racism as an individual characteristic rather than a structural problem in the education system; and 3) the near-absence of race-related data collection. Policy… [Direct]
(2024). A Review of Science Teaching Approaches for Equity Focusing on Race, Class, and Religion from the Perspectives of Freire's and Arendt's Theories of Education. Science Education, v108 n4 p1191-1221. This paper presents a literature review of science teaching approaches that seek to support equity in science classrooms, focusing on marginalization based on (i) race/ethnicity, (ii) social class/socioeconomic background, and (iii) religion. Considered were approaches that science teachers can use in science classes in secondary schools. They were analyzed and discussed against the backdrop of critical pedagogy by Paulo Freire and the educational theory by Hannah Arendt, which constitutes a novelty in science education research. The review used meta interpretation combined with systematic searches in the ERIC database. It is, thus, limited to works published in English. A total of 930 articles (2013-2021) were identified out of which 64 were fully analyzed. The analysis shows that most approaches strive to provide more equal access to the existing science knowledge and structures of the community. This corresponds to the introduction to the "old world" in a conservative… [Direct]
(2020). Confronting Epistemological Racism, Decolonizing Scholarly Knowledge: Race and Gender in Applied Linguistics. Applied Linguistics, v41 n5 p712-732 Oct. Recent scholarship in sociolinguistics and language education has examined how race and language intersect each other and how racism influences linguistic and educational practices. While racism is often conceptualized in terms of individual and institutional injustices, a critical examination of another form of racism–epistemological racism–problematizes how racial inequalities influence our knowledge production and consumption in academe. Highlighting the importance of the intersectional nature of identity categories, this conceptual article aims to draw scholars' attention on how epistemological racism marginalizes and erases the knowledge produced by scholars in the Global South, women scholars of color, and other minoritized groups. In today's neoliberal culture of competition, scholars of color are compelled to become complicit with white Euro-American hegemonic knowledge, further perpetuating the hegemony of white knowledge while marginalizing women scholars of color…. [Direct]
(2022). 'Race' and Academic Performance in International Higher Education: Black Africans in the U.K. Journal of Comparative and International Higher Education, v14 n3A p211-226. U.K. higher education research routinely pinpoints the racialized nature of academic performance, but it often fails to even consider if racism contributes to such a pervasive racial or ethnic disparity. While research in the area often focuses on comparing the attainment of home white and ethnic minority students, little attention is given to the experiences of black African international students (BAIS), particularly in U.K. higher education. Using semi-structured qualitative interviews, this study documents how "race" shapes academic performance and achievement by exploring the experiences of 21 BAIS undergraduates studying in ten universities in England. Factors identified, inter alia, include racism and discrimination, and the analysis challenges the narrative of assessment as neutral and objective technology that rewards merit, and lifts the voices of BAIS which are normally silent in the literature about international student experience. 'Race' and ethnicity… [PDF]
(2023). Barriers to Developing Antiracist Teachers: The Role of Policy, Pedagogy, and Practice in Teacher Education. ProQuest LLC, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, Santa Cruz. Following the murder of George Floyd and the wide-spread recognition of systemic discriminatory abuse of power by police, organizations across the country were jolted into reviewing their own policies and practices for evidence of prejudice and racial injustice. Teacher education programs were no exception. As teacher education grapples with this critical historical conjuncture, it is imperative to deeply examine how logics of systemic racism are embedded in the social and political structures charged with preparing future teachers. This dissertation contributes to this investigation by exploring how teacher education state and program policies intersect with teacher educator pedagogies regarding the development of antiracist engagement in pre-service teacher practice. Framed by critical whiteness studies rooted in Black scholarly perspectives and Victor Ray's conception of racialized organizations, the purpose of this research is to bring awareness to how education policy and… [Direct]
(2020). Addressing Racism and Ableism in Schools: A DisCrit Leadership Framework for Principals. Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas, v93 n1 p27-34. A long history of racism and ableism exists within the U.S. and shapes policies, practices, and assumptions within the public education system. Racism and ableism are built into educator and principal practices, which contribute to the reproduction of inequitable systems and outcomes. Yet, principals are in a key position to challenge dominant narratives about race and ability and facilitate equity-oriented change. The purpose of this article is to consider how school leadership practice can systematically address racism and ableism. Dis/ability Critical Race Studies (DisCrit) is used to critique and expand existing conceptions leadership practice…. [Direct]
(2025). 'We Couldn't Share Who We Are without Being Able to Draw on This "Twoness"': Lessons for Higher Education in Integrating Linguistic and Racial Justice in the United States. Teaching in Higher Education, v30 n2 p427-443. This article describes a program which centered multilingualism and racial justice in higher education in an elementary teacher education program in the United States. By using the theory of ideological clarity, we sought to understand learning outcomes for teacher candidates (TCs) and their contexts, and make salient the racial and linguistic intersections within TCs' identities/subjectivities. We show that by drawing significantly on candidates' linguistic, racial, and cultural resources, and intentionally supporting them within their teacher development, the program allowed TCs to develop critical awareness of ongoing educational inequities. At the same time, how candidates take up linguistic justice varies according to their raciolinguicized subjectivities while their reflections and enactments around multilingualism cannot necessarily be equated with taking a stance towards racial justice. We, therefore, advocate for higher education to continue establishing multilingual… [Direct]
(2024). Intersectionality Approach to Mental Health for Black Men in Student Affairs. New Directions for Student Services, n186 p19-27. Navigating higher education can be a challenging experience for Black men. Among these, Black men often face unique mental health challenges stemming from systemic racism, cultural expectations, and societal pressures. Addressing their specific needs requires a comprehensive approach. However, supporting Black men's mental health in higher education involves a multi-faceted approach. By actively recognizing their challenges and ensuring resources cater to their specific needs, we can create an environment where all Black men can thrive in student affairs services. In this article, we used Chapman-Hilliard and Adams-Bass's theoretical framework of Black Liberation Psychology to guide our analysis of the mental health challenges that Black men face in student affairs…. [Direct]
(2024). The "Essence" from Within: A Phenomenological Study Examining the Lived Experiences of Racial and Ethnic Minoritized Women (RAEMW) Senior Level Administrators at 4-Year Predominately White Institutions (PWIS) in the United States (U.S.). ProQuest LLC, Ph.D. Dissertation, Rowan University. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of senior level RAEMW administrators who work at 4-year PWIs in the U.S. and analyze the impact of institutional environments on their success. The theories that guided this study were: Crenshaw's (1994; 1989; 2015) intersectionality framework and four tenets of CRT which include counter-storytelling, the permanence of racism, interest convergence, and intersectionality (Hiraldo, 2010, 2019). This study was guided by the three research questions: 1) How do RAEMW senior level administrators describe their experiences navigating higher education, 2) How do senior level RAEMW administrators describe the impact of institutional environments on their career advancement in higher education, and 3) How can intersectionality, counter-storytelling, the permanence of racism, and interest convergence inform research on RAEMW's experiences as senior level administrators? Seven senior level RAEMW administrators participated in the study…. [Direct]
(2022). Can We Just Talk? Exploring Discourses on Race and Racism among U.S. Undergraduates during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Educational Review, v74 n3 p576-590. Across the globe, the COVID-19 pandemic has taken an extraordinary toll on racially minoritised and economically disadvantaged communities. The United States has been no exception. In the U.S., serious illness and death are two- to three-times more common among Black, Latinx, and Native American populations than among white people. In the summer of 2020, growing outrage over the racialised impact of the pandemic coincided with weeks-long protests of police killings of Black Americans–George Floyd in Minnesota, Breonna Taylor in Kentucky, and Tony McDade in Florida, among others. The convergence of two racialised phenomena, a public health crisis and police violence, intensified public scrutiny of the practices that sustain racial inequalities, including within higher education. Even as U.S. colleges and universities issue statements decrying the burden of the pandemic and the concomitant racialised violence on communities of colour, racial inequalities persist in higher education… [Direct]
(2022). Linguistic Imperialism: Countering Anti Black Racism in World Language Teacher Preparation. Journal for Multicultural Education, v16 n3 p246-258. Purpose: This study aims to highlight the planning, process and results of drawing on engaged pedagogy to humanize Blackness in world language (WL) teacher education. The activities were designed to center lived experiences, augment self-reflection and model instructional differentiation for WL preservice teachers (PSTs). Design/methodology/approach: This qualitative research paper uses a self-study in teacher education practices (S-STEP) method. It explores how tailored resources, peer and self-assessments and a responsive environment can increase awareness of antiBlackness in instruction and curricula among WL PSTs during a semester-long methods course. Findings: Findings suggest that centering Blackness in WL methods initiates an awareness of antiBlack racism in WL pedagogy through opportunities for self-reflection and accountability through assessment. To varying degrees, participants demonstrated shifts in their understanding and valuing of Blackness in WL instruction as… [Direct]
(2024). Exploring the Structural Inequalities of the Individualized Education Program: A Dis/Ability Critical Race Theory Perspective. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, v44 n3 p217-228. Disproportionality and inequity exist in the special education services that U.S. children receive based on factors such as race, geographic location, and resources of the school system. Overrepresentation and underrepresentation are both prevalent issues and can vary by region or school district and are likely due to multiple factors. Although several areas of special education services have been examined critically, one missing piece in the literature seems to be the writing and revising of the Individualized Education Program (IEP). The purpose of this paper is to examine the literature and background of special education services and the IEP, followed by an examination of the required portions of the IEP form and where the existing law might allow for implicit biases, specifically racism, to surface in the development of this program and its implementation…. [Direct]