(1997). Reflections on Education and Race. Examining the Intersections. Select Addresses from the Public Education Network 1996 Annual Conference. A PEN Occasional Paper. The theme of the 1996 Public Education Network conference was \Examining the Intersections: Education and Race.\ From different points of view, speakers examined the need for an ongoing commitment to ensuring equal opportunity and access to learning in all public schools. The first selection is the report of a panel discussion about the role and impact of race on children, teachers, and staff. The following remarks from the panel are presented: (1) \Introductory Remarks\ (Amanda Brown); (2) \Institutionalized Violence\ (Helen Gym); (3) \Working It Out Together\ (Christine Gutierrez); (4) \Please–Just Don't Call Me a Racist\ (Beverly Daniel Tatum); (5) \Despair and Hope\ (Craig Jerold); and (6) \Expectations and Reactions: Continuing Commentary and Conversation on Race\ (panel).\Race: The Challenge for Public Education\ by Joseph R. Feagin, the second selection, explores racism as the \fourth R\ that must be addressed in building better schools. The next selection, \1996 Election… [PDF]
(1991). Multicultural Education Is Essential for the Academic Success of Schools in the 21st Century. A multicultural thrust should be the key element in restructuring American education in preparation for the 21st century. Demographic trends indicate that European Americans will be outnumbered by other racial and ethnic groups in the next century. Consequently, new educational techniques and content need to be developed and infused into school curriculums to ensure that children from diverse racial, ethnic, and cultural backgrounds receive an equal and adequate education that prepares them to take a productive and meaningful place in the 21st century. The National Education Goals are an attempt to address the need for major improvements in how children are educated. However, the National Goals do not adequately address the issues of equity that affect whether academic success is assured for all students. Among a more ideal set of national goals for education that is multicultural and equitable are the following components: (1) children will start school with a positive sense of…
(1977). The Changing Profile of Black Administrators in Predominantly White Colleges and Universities. In predominantly white, four-year, residential institutions where black populations are less than 10 percent, black professional staff tend to be in entry-level positions. They have often been found in special programs for minority and low-income students. A survey of black administrators in midwestern institutions showed that by the early 1970s: (1) the majority were associated with equal opportunity programs (EOPS); (2) 90 percent were being paid with institutional funds; (3) they were in their mid-thirties to early forties and were primarily male and married; (4) although most had their undergraduate training in the social sciences, they usually held master's degrees in education with emphasis on administration; and (5) there was a tendency among EOP directors toward earning doctorates. Barriers to black participation in administration include: (1) their positions in the administration; (2) for many the fact that they are not faculty members; (3) systematic racism. Affirmative… [PDF]
(1982). The Idea of Resistance in Education: A Critique. This paper discusses resistance in education as expressed in white working-class girls' reactions to sex role socialization, children's play, minority children's behavior in inner city schools, and the resistance of female faculty in institutions of higher education. The paper takes off from issues addressed in some papers presented at a research symposium on resistance in education. Observing that some of the papers draw on Eugene Genovese's conceptualization of accommodation and resistance in explaining slavery, the author cautions against uncritically accepting Genovese's interpretation. Genovese's use of the idea of paternalism to explain slavery and the slaves' widespread accommodation and weak resistance to slavery is thought to ignore important factors such as racism and the sexual exploitation of slave women. It is suggested that Genovese tends to view slave resistance as an attribute of personality rather than as a collective and individually conscious phenomenon with…
(2006). White Teachers/Diverse Classrooms: A Guide to Building Inclusive Schools, Promoting High Expectations, and Eliminating Racism. Stylus Publishing, LLC For African Americans, school is often not a place to learn but a place of low expectations and failure. In urban schools with concentrations of poverty, often fewer than half the ninth graders leave with a high school diploma. In this book, Black and White teachers provide an insightful approach to inclusive and equitable teaching and illustrate its transformative power to bring about success. This book encourages reflection and self-examination, and calls for understanding how students can achieve and expecting the most from them. It demonstrates what is involved in terms of recognizing often-unconscious biases, confronting institutional racism where it occurs, surmounting stereotyping, adopting culturally relevant teaching, connecting with parents and the community, and integrating diversity in all activities. This book is replete with examples of practice and telling insights that will engage teachers in practice or in service. It should have a place in every classroom in… [Direct]
(1992). Preparing Preservice Students for Diverse Populations. The Education Division of Maryville University (Missouri) believes in preparing teachers for student diversity. It encourages teachers to be reflective practitioners and suggests that the quality of a teacher's reflections and actions depends on a developmental ability to integrate concrete teaching experiences, models and strategies of others, and principles of research in teaching into an integrated whole. Maryville's teacher education program has four conceptual strands: (developmental, curriculum and instruction, sociological, and research). The paper describes the Roblee Project, which builds upon the experiences and curriculum permeating Maryville's preservice teacher education program. The project began in 1991 with several activities: faculty and focus group meetings on cultural diversity designed to critique preservice teacher education; data collection from new students, student teachers, and first-year teachers; and resource list collection. Data analysis showed that: (1)… [PDF]
(1987). Education and the Quest for Human Completion: The African and Afro-American Perspectives Compared. This paper examines the concept of human completion, as applied to both the African and the Afro-American experience, and how the search for completion by the individual influences the collective society. The theoretical concepts of Paulo Freire and Albert Memmi are applied to both groups. Both groups have been denied equal opportunity for education and self-realization. Voting has been used as a means to achieve social and educational goals but has been ineffective when it was not combined with the education necessary to provide critical analytical skills. The search for self-liberation has led to social conflict, as the power structure has prevented the minority from achieving its goals. The conclusions drawn include: (1) that collective action is not possible without individual action, which in turn depends upon the education of individuals; (2) that affirmative action programs are vital in assisting blacks in achieving education; (3) that collective action appears to be fading… [PDF]
(1976). Multiethnic Materials. A Selected Bibliography. This selected bibliography was prepared for the Racine, Wisconsin School District by the Title VII (Emergency School Aid Act) project for use by teachers, administrators, counselors, psychologists, social workers, librarians, and other professional and support personnel employed by the district. All of the materials listed in the bibliography–professional articles, books, pamphlets, films, filmstrips, audiotapes, and other reference materials–have been obtained by the Title VII project and for use throughout the school district. The contents of this bibliography are organized into ten parts, as follows: (1) Discrimination/Prejudice/Racism, (2)Segregation/Desegregation/Integration, (3) Intercultural/Human Relations/Education, (4) Black Americans, which includes sections on aspects such as culture and history, biography, fiction, poetry, art/legends/music/plays, audio-visuals, and periodicals, (5) Mexican-Americans, (6) Native Americans, (7) Other Ethnic Groups, (8) Ethnic… [PDF]
(1988). Our Future at Risk: A Report of the Joint Committee on Minority Student Achievement. This report provides a policy framework for specific programs that will improve the achievement of minority students in the Illinois educational system. All levels of education from pre-kindergarten through graduate education must be involved in designing and making such programs work. Education is the key element that can enable minorities to overcome conditions of racism and poverty and to better their lives. The numbers of minority students enrolled at each successive level of education from elementary through postgraduate have been continually decreasing. The following issues are examined to demonstrate the importance of minority education: Minorities are a growing portion of the population of Illinois; minorities are underrepresented in the work force; the success of the work force in meeting the demands of the market depends upon the success of people in completing high school and programs beyond high school. An overview of minorities in elementary, secondary, and higher… [PDF]
(1989). Valuing Diversity on Campus: A Multicultural Approach. College Unions At Work Monograph Series Number 11. The social isolation caused by differing cultural backgrounds of minority students on college campuses creates certain \points of tension\ that reduce faculty effectiveness and limit student vision. This monograph attempts to provide a greater awareness and understanding of these issues within the context of the role of college unions and student activities. The first chapter provides an overview for concepts of racism, diversity, and culture and identifies the importance of institutions and power as related to oppression. Chapters 2-5 identify four racial-ethnic group classifications, including Blacks, Hispanics, Asian-Americans, and Native Americans, and supplies historical background information for each group. Chapters 6 and 7 identify gay and lesbian and religious issues as considerations in diversity. Chapter 8 describes a four-stage model for multicultural education and awareness based on developmental sequence for achieving a multicultural consciousness. The final chapter… [PDF]
(1978). New Directions for Black Women?. Newsletter, Center for Continuing Education of Women, vXI n1 Sum. This collection of papers deals with various aspects of the black female experience in America. \The Black Woman in Transition\ discusses the effects of sexism and racism on black women with particular reference to employment and education; it is noted that black women, in comparison with other groups in society, suffer a proportionately higher rate of unemployment and lay-offs, have more restricted fringe benefits, and are located in the most menial jobs. \Black Women and the Law: Equal Employment Opportunity\ examines some problems in enforcing anti-discrimination legislation. \The Black Woman and Her Family in Economic Transition\ explores changes within the black family with a particular focus on the changing status of the grandmother, the wife and mother, and the daughter over the last few generations. Excerpts are presented from two panel discussions: \Working Poor Female-Headed Households,\ and \Barriers and Strategies for Black Women in the World of Work.\ (Author/WP)…
(1971). Assessment of Colleges and Universities. As American higher education enters the 70s, both its students and the society it serves have raised questions regarding its purposes, structures, and effectiveness. These papers on the assessment of colleges and universities were presented at the 1970 invitational conference of the American College Testing Program. The papers, in the main, emphasize student assessment of their colleges and universities and the assessment by society as a whole of its postsecondary educational institutions. Some of the papers review important historical concepts that make the present air of crisis more understandable. Some of them present evidence of past and present needs of ethnic minorities that can be of genuine help as we grope to find the way from conscious or unconscious racism toward a truly open society. Others describe valuable experimental programs that can provide insights on which to base new curricular and instructional programs. (Author/HS)… [PDF]
(1987). Interculturalism: Theory and Practice. Seminar (Limbourg, Belgium, April 14-15, 1987). The CDCC's Project No. 7: "The Education and Cultural Development of Migrants.". As follow-up to a five-year Council for Cultural Cooperation project on migrants, a seminar and roundtable discussion on the theory and practice of intercultural education in Europe is presented. Seminar participants include educators and administrators from Belgium, West Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden as well as a representative from the Council of Europe. The participants concur on the need for intercultural or "contact" education for all school children as a response to the on-going presence of immigrant families in Europe. Agreement is also apparent on the need to retrain teachers for intercultural education and to establish a link between centers of research and teacher-practitioners. There is no consensus on the objectives of intercultural education, which is variously believed to be necessary to: (1) promote knowledge and understanding of ethnic relations; (2) combat ethnic prejudice; (3) condemn racism; (4) explain the history of migration and the balance of…
(1997). Making Meaning of Whiteness: Exploring Racial Identity with White Teachers. This book presents an inside look at the \white talk\ of teacher education students, presenting information from an action research project in which student teachers and faculty explored white racial identity, examined the meaning of whiteness, and confronted the difficulties of thinking critically about race and racism. The book strives to deepen the responsibility of white persons for race relations. Chapter 1, \Multicultural Antiracist Education and Whiteness,\ links multicultural antiracist education to white racial identity and the system of whiteness. Chapter 2, \Participatory Action Research,\ describes a research methodology that provided project participants with a way to reflect on white racial identity and the meaning of whiteness. Chapter 3, \Making My Whiteness Public,\ elaborates on a teacher's personal engagement as a white participant researcher. Chapter 4, \White Talk,\ Chapter 5, \Constructions of Whiteness,\ and Chapter 6, \Teacher Image,\ examine the principal…
(1987). FE Can Really Change Your Life. The Experience of Afro-Caribbean and Asian Students in Further Education. An Occasional Paper. This report summarizes a seminar organized by Great Britain's National Union of Students for Afro-Caribbean and Asian students in nonadvanced further education (FE). The seminar was designed to facilitate a discussion about various aspects of participants' experiences in further education. An introduction provides background, discusses the organization of the seminar, describes participants, and outlines the topics. The transcript of the discussion that follows has been edited, and a commentary is provided. It is organized by the main topic areas: the title of the seminar ("Black Students and FE") and dissatisfaction with it; motivation for entry to FE (the importance of qualifications, parental attitudes, financial consideration); information available about FE before entry (stereotyped career advice, lack of information about FE, a black disadvantage, signs of improvement); the general experience of further education; teaching and staff (teaching and curricula, black…