(1987). Bilingual Education: Symbolic Meaning and Support among Non-Hispanics. A study of non-Hispanic attitudes about bilingual education had two goals: (1) to apply symbolic politics theory to bilingual education and (2) to test the theory's assumption that the symbolic meaning of an attitude object determines which symbolic predisposition it evokes. A national sample of 1,170 non-Hispanics were surveyed via telephone interview about two versions of bilingual education: cultural maintenance and English-as-a-second-language (ESL). There were five main findings: (1) symbolic meaning influenced support for bilingual education, with cultural maintenance drawing the least support; (2) personal experience and self-interest (potential impact on one's children, personal experience with bilingualism, and living in substantially Hispanic areas) had little effect on support; (3) symbolic predispositions had substantial effects on support, particularly symbolic racism, as did attitudes about foreign language instruction and government spending in general; (4) symbolic… [PDF]
(1995). Promoting Racial Equality in the Nursing Curriculum. Nurse Education Today, v15 n2 p101-05 Apr. Equality in nursing education and the profession can be promoted in the following ways: a working policy on racism and equal opportunities; curriculum content that explores stereotypes, values, attitudes, and prejudices; and multicultural health research, education, and promotion. (SK)…
(2009). Opportunities of the Intercultural Education in Teaching-Learning History. Acta Didactica Napocensia, v2 suppl 1 p35-42. No one disputes today the fact that, for centuries, the diversity of traditions and cultures has been one of the major assets of both Europe and Romania, and that during the past decades the principle of tolerance has become the guarantee of a European open society aware of the importance of its cultural diversity. In this 21st century, in Romania and elsewhere, we need to shift the focus of tolerance from the social and political realm towards the field of human relations, because in the 21st century the concept of tolerance seems to be insufficient and limited. Thus, we need to move from a tolerant co-existence to an active collaboration (the most significant mutation should involve the replacement of "I tolerate" by "I respect"). First and foremost, this requires a knowledge of the past, and only then concrete practical and pragmatic actions. Of course, under these circumstances the education of both young people and adults plays a crucial role, as the majority… [PDF]
(2006). Separate Is Inherently Unequal: Rethinking Commonly Held Wisdom. International Electronic Journal for Leadership in Learning, v10 n23. Modern educational reform owes much to the legal team and educational leaders who fought to make equal educational opportunity a reality for Black students in the United States of America. Their efforts helped to dismantle American apartheid; a.k.a. Jim Crow, a system of allocating human and civil rights according to assigned or assumed "racial" classifications. The 1954 Supreme Court concluded that the doctrine of "separate but equal", initiated in 1896 under Plessy, has no place in public education and separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. Since the 1954 decision of "Brown v. Board of Education Topeka", Kansas "separate is inherently unequal" has been the mantra used by advocates of desegregated schools. The purpose of this research is to question commonly held wisdom promoting the idea that if things are separate, they must be unequal. Integration, it follows, is then sought as the solution to the problem of inequality. I… [Direct]
(2007). Researching Race/Ethnicity and Educational Inequality in English Secondary Schools: A Critical Review of the Research Literature between 1980 and 2005. Review of Educational Research, v77 n2 p147-185. This article describes and critically analyzes how sociologists in England have studied racial/ethnic inequalities in secondary education between 1980 and 2005. This study is different from earlier literature reviews conducted in this particular area in that it adopts a more systematic approach and includes the most recent studies in this field. Five major research traditions are identified: those of political arithmetic, racism and racial discrimination in school, school effectiveness and school inclusion, culture and educational outcomes, and educational markets and educational outcomes. These research traditions are critically examined in terms of their research questions, methods, outcomes, and related debates. The development of particular research traditions is explained by pointing to more general developments in terms of social policy and intellectual climate in England. A final section offers a discussion of how sociologists of education could improve future research on… [Direct]
(2007). Cities as Battlefields: Understanding How the Nation of Islam Impacts on Civic Engagement, Environmental Racism, and Community Development in a Low Income Neighborhood. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education (QSE), v20 n6 p711-730 Nov. This article challenges social (dis)organization theory by investigating the impact of religious culture on civic engagement. Using qualitative data from 'Bridge View,' a historically African-American neighborhood in San Francisco experiencing environmental racism, this article asks: (1) How does the Nation of Islam (NOI) affect social organization in a low-income community? And (2) How does the metropolitan distribution of wealth, opportunity, and resources play out in urban space? The findings suggest that the NOI has often had to replace important public institutions responsible for providing social services in low-income communities – police protection, community welfare, and education. These findings suggest that we need to rethink the relationship between race, culture, structure, and political mobilization and incorporate a more fluid conceptualization of culture into social (dis) organization theory…. [Direct]
(1986). Human Rights in Education: Recently Published Canadian Sources and an Index. Canadian Journal of Education, v11 n3 p364-82 Sum. Bibliographies of 180 recent studies of Canadian themes or by Canadian authors on human rights in Canadian education are alphabetically listed. The studies are also indexed by the following topics: children's rights; education; ethnicity; financial; language; migration; multiculturalism; racism; sexism; special education; and theory. (SLD)…
(2006). Special Schooling for Indigenous Students: A New Form of Racial Discrimination?. Australian Journal of Indigenous Education, v35 p44-53. Recent reports on Indigenous education have revealed that high proportions of students have been placed in special classes for intellectual disability or behaviour disorders. This is not an isolated phenomenon. Indigenous students in Canada and Romani children in Europe are also disproportionately represented in special schooling. This paper asks whether systemic racism, which fails to perceive cultural differences between the ethos of Australian educational systems and the experiences and abilities of Indigenous students, is the catalyst for placing many Indigenous students in special schooling, away from the mainstream. The paper applies an analysis based on anti-discrimination law to argue that while allocation on the basis of intellectual disability or behaviour disorders may not be deliberate racism, the criteria developed for the allocation may be measuring conformity to the dominant culture. If the policies underlying this segregation are unreasonable in the circumstances,… [Direct]
(2007). Interdistrict Transfers, Latino/White School Segregation, and Institutional Racism in a Small California Town. Journal of Latinos and Education, v6 n4 p285-308 Sep. This article examines how the interdistrict transfer of White students from a majority-Latino school to a majority-White school increased school segregation in a small California town. The article argues that White parents' decisions to transfer their children, coupled with the sending school district's decision to allow the transfers, constituted institutional racism, as these practices further segregated Latino/a students in a high-poverty school. Qualitative data reveal that many of the transfer families were prejudiced toward Latino/a children and families, and ethnographic data show how local race relations, historical events, and the relationship between the school and the district contributed to segregation. (Contains 5 footnotes and 4 tables.) … [Direct]
(2007). Early Childhood Education: The Promise, the Challenges. Forum on Public Policy Online, v2007 n2 Spr. The benefits of high quality early childhood programs have been documented. Good programs engage students in developmentally appropriate practices that include pre-literacy, pre-numeracy activities, language, social and physical development in these preschool programs. Studies have shown that literacy skills such as letter-name recognition, phonological and print awareness affect the reading achievement of children. However, in the rush to provide these skills, preschool programs cannot overlook the important role that culture plays. There is an important place for multicultural education and even an anti-bias curriculum. Several reasons are given for multicultural education from the need to confront the harmful effects of racism, as well as the need to address the poor academic performance of the growing number of children from ethnic groups of color who are entering schools. This paper will outline some of the benefits of pre-school programs and address some of the issues… [PDF]
(1990). Promoting Equity Awareness in the Preparation of Physical Education Students. Teaching Education, v3 n1 p117-23 Sum-Fall. This article outlines the goals, rationale, content, and strategies of "Equity Awareness," a course within the professional preparation program for physical education students at the University of Massachusetts. Topics include stereotyping, racism, homophobia, motor elitism, and sexism in physical education. (IAH)…
(1996). Anti-racist Education, Multiculturalism and the New Racism. Educational Review, v48 n1 p65-77 Feb. Ethnographic data on the development of British culture and identity among 128 children ages 8-11 showed an incipient awareness of the new racism among the older children. Findings suggest that antiracist education and multicultural education should be taught in primary schools. (JOW)…
(1970). From Book Learning to Aquarius. Library College Journal, 3, 4, 53-56, Fall '70. In education today, it is fundamentally important to require answers to the problems of our environment, of latent racism and patent violence, of poverty and war and indifference to one another. (Author/NH)…
(1994). \Best of Change\ Continued… Change, v26 n4 p38-47 Jul-Aug. Articles and excerpts on diversity in higher education, appearing in issues of the journal from 1969 through 1991, are reprinted here. Topics addressed include higher education's benign neglect of racism, black education, black faculty, ethnic studies (black, Asian American), American Indian students, women's education, and Hispanic American students in colleges and universities. (MSE)…
(1999). Critical Multiculturalism: Rethinking Multicultural and Antiracist Education. This collection brings together the traditions of commitment to antiracist education and identity-based education. Selections from academic commentators on multicultural education link educational theory and practice in the discussion of culturally pluralist schooling. The collection contains the following chapters: (1) \Critical Multiculturalism and Cultural Difference: Avoiding Essentialism\ (Stephen May); (2) \Racism and Multicultural Education: Rethinking 'Race' and 'Whiteness' in Late Capitalism\ (Peter McLaren and Rodolfo Torres); (3) \Racism, 'Postmodernism' and Reflexive Multiculturalism\ (Ali Rattansi); (4) \Forging Partnerships for Multicultural Teacher Education\ (Christine Sleeter and Carmen Montecinos); (5) \Antiracist Education through Political Literacy: The Case of Canada\ (Kogila Moodley); (6) \Critical Antiracism in South Africa\ (Nazir Carrim and Crain Soudien); (7) \Children's Construction of Their National Identity: Implications for Critical Multiculturalism\…