(2012). Examining Discrimination and Bias in the Campus Racial Climate: Multiple Approaches and Implications for the Use of Multiracial College Student Data. Online Submission, Paper presented at the Biannual Critical Mixed Race Studies Conference (2nd, Chicago, IL, Nov 2, 2012). The practical problem of how to utilize multiple race data in quantitative higher education research collides with neo-conservative and liberal assumptions that a perceived growth in a post-civil rights multiracial population suggests racism no longer exists, and with concerns that multiracial data will undermine civil rights progress. Given that larger proportions of younger Americans are acknowledging multiple racial backgrounds, these individuals are likely to comprise increasing proportions of the college-going population. This study explores different ways of operationalizing race when analyzing manifestations of racism in the campus climate for multiracially- and monoracially-identifying college students in the United States. Specifically, it examines how different racial categorizations changes group characteristics, mean levels of discrimination, and the strength of predictor variables in multiple linear regression analyses. The data comes from the 2009-2010 Diverse… [PDF]
(2012). \Give a Brotha a Break!\: The Experiences and Dilemmas of Middle-Class African American Male Students in White Suburban Schools. Teachers College Record, v114 n5. Background/Context: Today, in the era of the first African American president, approximately one third of all African Americans live in suburban communities, and their children are attending suburban schools. Although most research on the education of African American students, particularly males, focuses on their plight in urban schooling, what occurs in suburban schools is also in need of examination. Purpose/Focus of Study: This research focused on the lived experiences of 4 middle-class African American male students attending affluent White suburban schools. Through vignettes focusing on their various experiences and recollections, this study provides a preliminary snapshot, part of a larger study, of the schooling environments in the life stories of middle-class Black suburban youth. Research Design: Qualitative methodology was used to explore the life histories of the 4 African American males. Each student participated in a tape-recorded interview to examine what it meant to… [Direct]
(2019). Transforming Schooling for Second Language Learners: Theoretical Insights, Policies, Pedagogies, and Practices. Research in Second Language Learning. IAP – Information Age Publishing, Inc. The purpose of "Transforming Schooling for Second Language Learners: Theoretical Insights, Policies, Pedagogies, and Practices" is to bring together educational researchers and practitioners who have implemented, documented, or examined policies, pedagogies, and practices in and out of classrooms and in real and virtual contexts that are in some way transforming what is known about the extent to which emergent bilinguals (EBs) learn and achieve in educational settings. In this book, scholars and researchers identify both (1) the current state of schooling for EBs, from their perspective, and (2) the particular ways that policies, pedagogies, and/or practices transform schooling as it currently exists for EBs in discernible ways based on their scholarship and research. Drawing on current and seminal research in fields including second language acquisition, applied linguistics, sociolinguistics, and educational linguistics, contributing authors draw on complementary… [Direct]
(2009). Racism against the Mayan Population in Yucatan, Mexico: How Current Education Contradicts the Law. Online Submission, Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association (San Diego, CA, Apr 13-17, 2009). The discriminatory situation suffered by the Maya population in the Mexican state of Yucatan is discussed using the concept of neo-racism. Statistical evidence about the school system is presented, along with testimonies of Mayan speakers which uncover a phenomena frequently denied or obliterated by politically correct speeches that actually serve to disguise the racism practiced against the original population of Yucatan. The paper also shows how this phenomenon contradicts the Mexican laws…. [PDF]
(2013). Advocating for Change: A Reflection on My Journey to Social Justice Education. International Perspectives on Higher Education Research It takes a deep commitment to change and an even deeper commitment to grow.– Ralph EllisonThis quote from Ralph Ellison highlights the complexity of the concepts of change and growth. As faculty, we are constantly called on to facilitate the growth and change of our students through their academic work. This chapter provides a narrative of one faculty member's growth toward understanding and the incorporation of social justice concepts and structures into her classroom.I had my first microbiology test last week and as the professor returned the papers, he made a point to acknowledge the work of one student who received a perfect score. When he called my name and I stood up, I saw confusion on his face…and a look of disappointment…. I guess he didn't expect a Black female to do well on the test.– Anonymous student. [For the complete volume, "Social Justice Issues and Racism in the College Classroom: Perspectives from Different Voices. International Perspectives on Higher… [Direct]
(2012). The Effect of Post-Racial Theory on Education. Journal for Critical Education Policy Studies, v10 n1 p197-216 Apr. The proliferation of post-racial theory (PRT) in both social and political spheres of dominant American hegemony has illustrated a desire among academic circles to move past race and racial categories in social analysis. However, absent within post-racial rhetoric is critical language on how to abolish racism and racial inequality. (Samad 2009) It is my contention that the application of post-racial theory in social and legislative arenas will fail to eliminate many of the economic or curriculum based inequities within public school education. Furthermore, I contend that the aim of post-racial theory to deconstruct race as a tool for social analysis will exacerbate current achievement gaps and guarantee that equity in terms of school funding and quality of non-racist teacher instruction for non-white students may not be achieved or even addressed…. [PDF]
(2013). The Legacy of Derrick Bell and Latino/a Education: A Critical Race Testimonio. Race, Ethnicity and Education, v16 n4 p514-535. In this article, we trace Bell's influence in our lives from graduate students to teacher educators and engaged scholars, and note how we have always read Bell alongside and inseparable from Latino/a Studies and Latina/Chicana feminist thought. We highlight the powerful and fruitful tensions of these interconnections in addressing our curricular struggles and innovations, professional identities and scholarly trajectories. We address Bell's theory of interest convergence to discuss the tensions and possibilities of personal "success" in the academy by interweaving our "testimonios" with Critical Race and Latino Critical Race (LatCrit) scholarship in Latino/a education. Latina feminist scholars have re-worked the Latin American tradition of "testimonio" as a way to link individual stories to a collective story of Latina/o racialization in the US, and to epistemological racism in the academy. Our collective story centers the intersections of race… [Direct]
(2011). For Their Musical Uplift: Emma Azalia Hackley and Voice Culture in African American Communities. International Journal of Community Music, v4 n3 p237-256 Dec. The noted African American soprano Emma Azalia Hackley (1867-1922) abandoned her concert career in the early twentieth century and began travelling throughout the United States, organizing community choruses and promoting community music making. She spent the remainder of her life engaged in what she called \musical social uplift\, which entailed teaching voice culture to hundreds of thousands of African Americans. To accomplish her goals, she formulated a unique pedagogy especially suited to black citizens in times of racism and segregation. Because of her commitment to music education and community activism, she became famous as the \National Vocal Teacher\ of African Americans…. [Direct]
(2015). Think Piece: Cognitive Justice and Integration without Duress. The Future of Development Education–Perspectives from the South. International Journal of Development Education and Global Learning, v7 n2 p89-106. "In a time of unacceptable global injustice, growing inequalities in the distribution of power, accelerating climate change, and unwavering racism and social exclusion, we are today facing the biggest challenges of human history" (European Conference on Intercultural Dialogue in Development Education, 2008: 1). A favourable wind is blowing slowly and steadfastly from the South. No longer is the South an "object" of inquiry (Bhaba, 1995; De Silva et al., 1988; Prakash, 1995). The transition from bandit colonialism through the intricate systems of the modern triage society (Nandy, 1997; 2000) that is wired for Western cultural compliance is being challenged. We have to start "rethinking thinking" itself from the constitutive rules: how paradigms are made; how rules are policed; how the architecture of modern institutions is fashioned to make them behave the way they do (Odora Hoppers, 2009b; Odora Hoppers and Richards, 2012). We have to raise the issue of… [PDF]
(2009). "Ignored Burden": Perceptions of Racism in School Contexts and Academic Engagement among African-American Adolescents. ProQuest LLC, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, Berkeley. African-American students in K-12 education experience pervasive disparities in academic outcomes across all areas of the schooling experience. Though racial disparities in education have been widely acknowledged, research must move beyond critiques of individual and student factors to analyze the educational structures and practices that create racial inequity and affect the school experiences of African-American students. Conceptualizing racism as endemic in school contexts and manifested in disparities in funding and teaching quality, school curriculum, ability tracking, disciplinary proceedings, peer interactions, and teacher-student interactions, this mixed-methods investigation examined: (a) the extent to which African-American students perceive manifestations of racism in school contexts, (b) the impact of perceptions of racism on academic engagement, and (c) the potential moderating effects of individual and school characteristics. A demographically diverse sample of N=131… [Direct]
(2013). Guide to New Resources. Multicultural Perspectives, v15 n1 p58-62. The theme of this column is African American Women's Memories of Racial Oppression and Segregation in the U.S. South and Its Relevance to Multicultural Education. The focus of the review is on Anne Valk and Leslie Brown's "Living with Jim Crow: African American Women and Memories of the Segregated South" (2010). In "Living with Jim Crow," Valk and Brown present encapsulated individual and collective stories of gendered and segregated lives of African American women who came of age in 10 Southern states during Jim Crow, an era of insidious racism. Exploring culturally contested, personally challenging, and socially oppressive paths toward adulthood, Valk and Brown add to the body of research in the condition of the American Negro in the wake of the "Plessy v. Ferguson" court case and the resultant period of segregation. Drawing from the work of W. E. B. Du Bois, the oral histories collected in this book tell stories of personal sacrifice, community… [Direct]
(2023). Data Science: A Gateway to Belonging in STEM and Other Quantitative Fields. ProQuest LLC, Ph.D. Dissertation, Stanford University. The divide between those who do and those who do not excel in mathematics is patterned in problematic ways. Women and people of color are typically underrepresented in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) and other quantitative fields (ex. Finance) where mathematics plays gatekeeper. However, mathematics is not a subject these groups of people are somehow less capable of learning (Chesnut et al., 2018). Instead, this imbalance points to issues within the education system where only a narrow group of students' needs are being met, constituting a history of institutionalized sexism, racism and classism. The current U.S. math education system seems to value a narrow and antiquated set of skills which necessarily result in only a small group of students succeeding at the highest levels. Students spend their time learning to reproduce a list of methods and procedures that have been in place since the 1800's even though this type of work can be done more quickly and accurately… [Direct]
(1984). Racism and Education in the U.S.A. Education, v104 n4 p394-400 Sum. Focuses on some key forces and events that led to racial desegregation (e.g., the rising educational level of Blacks, excessive separatist policies, national humanitarianism, modern psychology, effects of wars, urbanization, and economic need). Analyzes future prospects in light of the new conservative mood and growing disenchantment with government. (MM)…
(2015). Addressing the Needs of the Marginalized Students in School Mathematics: A Review of Policies and Reforms. North American Chapter of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education, Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the North American Chapter of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education (37th, East Lansing, MI, Nov 5-8, 2015). An examination of past research, policies, and reforms in mathematics education suggests that there have always been, and remain, tensions in conceptualizing the aims and goals of mathematics teaching and learning. While the disproportionality and conditions of marginalized learners is a cause for concern, it is important to understand that addressing the needs of these learners may not have been the primary goal of prior policies and reforms in mathematics education. Derrick Bell, a former attorney with the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) during the Civil Rights Era, employed his interest-convergence principle to explain how the United States Supreme Court issued the landmark ruling in "Brown v Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas" ("Brown I") in 1954. The Supreme Court's ruling in the "Brown" case revoked the "separate but equal" doctrine, which legally sanctioned segregation in public education and all… [PDF]
(2011). Black Parents Speak Out: The School Environment and Interplay with Wellbeing. Health Education Journal, v70 n2 p176-183 Jun. Objective: This article presents an account of the beliefs and perceptions of Black parents and the influence of the education system on the wellbeing of their children. Method: The material is drawn from a large ethnographic study that explored the attitudes and experiences of Black families and adolescents on healthy lifestyle. Setting: Ten Black families of African Caribbean origin were interviewed in their homes. Results: Despite the high value placed on education, a number of key factors were viewed as compromising the wellbeing of African Caribbean adolescents in schools; these were identified as experiences of racism, the delivery of a Euro-centric curriculum, and reliance on suspension and exclusion as a form of discipline at school. Participants also believed that because African Caribbean boys suffered worse educational achievements and the consequences of racism, this led to a significantly poorer wellbeing in comparison with the girls. Conclusion: Findings suggested that… [Direct]