(2022). Muscrit: Towards Carving a Niche in Critical Race Theory for the Muslim Educational Experience. International Journal of Research & Method in Education, v45 n4 p343-355. Critical Race Theory (CRT) has provided academia a theoretical framework to engage in a conversation and explore the lived experiences of people as they are impacted by the endemic nature of racism. The creation of subsets within CRT have made space for minoritized populations in ways that are specific to them. The author proposes the creation of MusCrit as a means to explore the experiences of Muslim Americans with a CRT lens by sharing six tenets that are unique to the lived reality of this demographic…. [Direct]
(2021). Critical Race Theory in Education: A Scholar's Journey. Multicultural Education Series. Teachers College Press This important volume brings together key writings from one of the most influential education scholars of our time. In this collection of her seminal essays on critical race theory (CRT), Gloria Ladson-Billings seeks to clear up some of the confusion and misconceptions that education researchers have around race and inequality. Beginning with her groundbreaking work with William Tate in the mid-1990s up to the present day, this book discloses both a personal and intellectual history of CRT in education. The essays are divided into three areas: Critical Race Theory, Issues of Inequality, and Epistemology and Methodologies. Ladson-Billings ends with a postscript that looks back at her journey and considers what is on the horizon for other scholars of education. Having these widely cited essays in one volume will be invaluable to everyone interested in understanding how inequality operates in our society and how race affects educational outcomes. Featured essays include: (1) Toward a… [Direct]
(2023). An Instructional Technology Facilitator's Role in Culturally Responsive Pedagogy Using a Critical Race Theory Lens. Issues and Trends in Learning Technologies, v11 n1 p3-28. The author of this article utilized a Critical Race Theory (CRT) framework to evaluate the effectiveness of instructional technology and STEM opportunities for girls and students of color in their role as a K-5 Instructional Technology Facilitator (ITF). By defining Critical Race Theory, the role of the ITF can be leveraged to provide equitable and inclusive opportunities to learning environments. Rather than a focus on the technology tools themselves, this article offers an opportunity to explore the implicit biases that exist within each educator and leader to shift pedagogical practice to ensure that instructional technology and STEM is accessible to every student, especially those that have been historically marginalized. This article also offers an opportunity to shift thinking from technology being "inherently good," to considering who benefits from technology, and why. An ITF's perspective has the power to create a more inclusive practice for the classrooms they… [PDF]
(2022). Perceptions of Critical Race Theory as a Tool for Understanding the African American Male Educational Experience. Research Issues in Contemporary Education, v7 n2 p128-146. This study explored the perspective of eight education stakeholders on Critical Race Theory (CRT) and the educational attainment opportunities for African American males in the current system of education in the United States of America. A qualitative research approach was employed using a semi-structured interview protocol. The data gathered from this study revealed that there was a general consensus among participants at an African American Male Empowerment Summit around the favorability and usefulness of Critical Race Theory in understanding the current state of African American males in education…. [PDF]
(2024). Daring to Lead with Humility: Merging Connective Leadership Theory and Critical Race Theory for Social Justice Advocacy in Higher Education. ProQuest LLC, Ed.D. Dissertation, Antioch University. This study addresses university leadership and the need to affirm diversity, equity, and inclusion in order to institute organizational change for social justice. My key research question is, "What are effective ways for leaders to advance diversity, equity, and inclusion with the goal of achieving social justice?" There is much research in the areas of racial equity, Critical Race Theory, and Culturally Sustaining Pedagogies, but the connection to leadership development models is new terrain. This study will add a Connective Leadership Theory framework to the lens of Critical Race Theory to analyze the potential of university leaders to enhance organizational change for diversity, equity, and inclusion metrics. The study will be explanatory mixed methods research including both Likert Scale surveys and follow-up interviews. The implication of this research is to create a template for university administrators and employees on how to use diversity, equity, and inclusion… [Direct]
(2022). Examining the Perspectives of Adult Working Learners and Key Stakeholders Using Critical Race Theory. Higher Education, Skills and Work-based Learning, v12 n6 p1108-1121. Purpose: This article reports on a critical race theory (CRT) analysis of the perspectives of providers of employer-supported educational opportunities and adult learners, who identified as Black, indigenous or as a person of color, and were employed in service industries. Design/methodology/approach: A review of the literature was used to shape an initial interview protocol. Data were collected from working learners in retail, hospitality, restaurants and healthcare industries. An "a priori" coding scheme that drew from CRT was applied to transcripts during analysis. Findings: Analysis revealed that working learners' skills, experiential knowledge, learning mindset, language flexibility and knowledge gained from previous learning experiences were not consistently acknowledged by employers. CRT analysis illustrated that endemic racism exists within educational opportunities and in workplace learning. Originality/value: CRT has not been widely used to examine adult education… [Direct]
(2024). Using Critical Race Theory to Inform a Multi-Session Information Literacy Workshop Series for First-Year Students of Color. ProQuest LLC, Ph.D. Dissertation, State University of New York at Buffalo. This study sought to understand individualized information literacy instruction for first-year students of color in higher education, and the impact of that instruction on student performance and confidence levels. The study was conducted at a four-year doctoral granting higher education institution and was designed as a QUAL+quan convergent mixed-methods study. It utilized critical race theory (CRT) as its theoretical framework, a participatory action research (PAR) approach for its design, and critical pedagogical practices to tailor the instructional content and delivery. The instruction was designed as a multi-session information literacy workshop series delivered outside of the traditional classroom and was comprised of six one-hour sessions: an initial focus group, four information literacy sessions focusing on specific aspects of the research process, and semi-structured interviews. Data collected through discussions, open-ended activities with rubrics, and pre- and… [Direct]
(2021). Media's Misleading Portrayal of the Fight over Critical Race Theory. American Enterprise Institute This report examines how media covered the critical race theory (CRT) debate in schooling through an analysis of all news articles published between September 2020 and August 2021 by four major newspapers (the New York Times, Washington Post, Wall Street Journal, and USA Today) and three major education press outlets (Education Week, the 74, and Chalkbeat). This report focuses on four relatively discrete questions: (1) How often were concerns about CRT's intellectual foundations, such as its skepticism of rationality and objectivity, mentioned?; (2) How often were controversial CRT-aligned instructional practices mentioned?; (3) How often did stories about laws passed to limit CRT (frequently referenced as "CRT bans") actually quote the language of the laws in question?; and (4) What was mentioned in news coverage of CRT?… [PDF]
(2024). A Coat of Many Colours: A Critical Race Theory Analysis of Language Uses at Two South African Higher Education Institutions. Journal of Language, Identity, and Education, v23 n1 p96-110. Many African higher education entrants have an African language as a first language, whereas English and Afrikaans are default media of instruction in South African higher education institutions (HEIs). This precludes equivalent chances of academic success for students. Linguistic diversity in HEIs might also influence students' experiences in these institutions. This paper explores the perspectives of undergraduate students at a historically Black higher education institution (HBHEI) and a historically White higher education institution (HWHEI), regarding language use at these institutions and their accompanying experiences. We conducted focus group discussions (FGDs) with 31 students and analysed the data using thematic analysis. We adopted a critical race theory lens to interpret participants' perspectives. We found enduring marginalisation of African languages, as informed by structural dynamics, and its detrimental effects on students' academic prospects and experiences,… [Direct]
(2023). Exposing the Chameleon-Like Nature of Racism: A Multidisciplinary Look at Critical Race Theory in Higher Education. Higher Education: The International Journal of Higher Education Research, v85 n5 p1085-1100 May. In higher education institutions, critical race theory (CRT) is known to be associated with fields that study racial disparities or systemic oppression such as law, education, and ethnic studies. The impression that CRT is unrelated to fields like business or computer science may have led scholars and practitioners from these disciplines to put their focus on elsewhere than on racial inequality and its implication in their research and practice, despite apparent need. To counter such fallacy, this review article–focusing primarily on the US context–discusses CRT literature in fields where its presence is less known which are nevertheless among the major domains of higher education institutions: health sciences, computer science and information technology, sports, business, and religion. By discussing example research of how scholars have utilized CRT in different fields to challenge the race-neutral thinking that often obscures structural racism, this paper exposes racism's ability… [Direct]
(2022). A Transnational Application of Critical Race Theory: Schooling Experiences of Multicultural Students in South Korea. Multicultural Education Review, v14 n3 p194-208. Utilizing Critical Race Theory (CRT), this study conducted a systemic review of scholarship on the schooling experiences of racial/ethnic minority students called multicultural students in South Korea. For the current analysis, CRT helped illuminate racism and other intersecting forms of structural issues that shape multicultural students' experiences, which tend to be obfuscated in the dominant multicultural education discourse in Korea. In doing so, this study helped acknowledge the structural embeddedness of multicultural students' experiences with discrimination and stigma and race/ethnicity as a marginalizing factor in the Korean education system. In addition to providing local implications, the current study seeks to expand the transnational application of CRT in education by examining racial injustice in Korean society that has received little attention in the CRT scholarship…. [Direct]
(2021). Lessons from Critical Race Theory: Outdoor Experiential Education and Whiteness in Kinesiology. Journal of Experiential Education, v44 n4 p409-425 Dec. Background: Outdoor experiential education (OEE) is often presented as a neutral and equitable curricular practice with positive learning outcomes. However, few studies have examined the experiences of racialized and queer White settler students or the representation of Whiteness in OEE curricular documents. Purpose: This article explores Whiteness, racialization, and Indigenous erasure in OEE as an undergraduate curricular practice at a Kinesiology program in a Canadian university. Methodology/Approach: Using critical race theory, a critical discourse analysis of six types of documents used to advertise and organize the outdoor experiential courses was combined with five semi-structured interviews with undergraduate students. Findings/Conclusions: This study demonstrates that students must negotiate Whiteness and settler colonialism to participate in OEE. Three main findings include the following: (a) The imagined student is wealthy and White, (b) students both assimilate to and… [Direct]
(2020). Interrogating Positive Youth Development through Sport Using Critical Race Theory. Quest, v72 n2 p224-240. Sport has the potential to serve as a context in which youth can develop as players and people. Positive youth development (PYD) through sport is a prevalent strength-based approach that aims to promote life skills acquisition in youth participants. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the utility of critically interrogating PYD through sport using critical race theory (CRT). Select key tenets of CRT serve as analytical tools that can highlight potentially problematic assumptions that underline current approaches to PYD through sport. Interrogation of PYD through sport using CRT exposes its limitations in theory, research, and practice. This race-centered perspective can help to "reimagine" sport coaching for positive development from a more socially responsible, critical praxis…. [Direct]
(2020). Applied Critical Race Theory: Educational Leadership Actions for Student Equity. Race, Ethnicity and Education, v23 n2 p200-220. Critical race theory (CRT) in education has been used to expose and analyze racism in K-12 schooling and higher education. However, the theory has been underutilized as an inventory lens applied to school leadership practice. Our paper takes on this inquiry by highlighting the work done by an administrative leadership team at a majority racially diverse middle school in the Mountain western region of the U.S. Through an examination of the practice of racism as whiteness as property through teacher expectations, classroom instruction and teacher-student and parent interactions and by implementing changes in areas of student discipline, and color-blind teacher perceptions, the leadership team developed racial equity pathways which served as an important implementation of CRT leadership…. [Direct]
(2022). Challenging Anti-Black Racism in HBSE: Using Critical Race Theory to Interrogate Traditional Developmental Paradigms. Journal of Teaching in Social Work, v42 n2-3 p190-206. How do we challenge anti-Black racism within the social work curriculum? As a requirement of all BSW and MSW programs, Human Behavior and the Social Environment (HBSE) coursework provides students with foundational knowledge about human development that is essential to theory-driven social work practice. Traditionally, conceptions of human development center the experiences of white, heterosexual, cis-gender young people and label other identities as "divergent" or "diverse," thereby devaluing the lived experiences of marginalized populations and reducing disparities to a misjudged application of "equal opportunity." Centering the tenets of critical race theory (CRT) within HBSE course curricula enables us to examine the impact of race and racism upon human development and to challenge anti-Black racism. This article will expand commonly used frameworks (e.g., ecological systems theory, life course theory) to consider how CRT helps us understand the… [Direct]